Charles Darwin (1809–1882) was an English naturalist, biologist, and geologist, best known for his contributions to the theory of evolution by natural selection. His landmark book, On the Origin of Species, published in 1859, challenged the traditional views on the creation of life and laid the foundation for modern evolutionary biology. Darwin’s theory that species evolve over time through a process of natural selection revolutionized the way we understand life on Earth and has had a lasting impact on numerous scientific disciplines. Born into a wealthy family, Darwin initially studied medicine and theology before devoting himself fully to natural sciences, culminating in his voyage aboard the HMS Beagle, which provided the inspiration for much of his later work.

Despite facing significant opposition from religious and scientific communities, Darwin remained steadfast in his pursuit of evidence to support his theories. His methodical approach to scientific inquiry and his ability to synthesize vast amounts of data made him one of the most influential scientists of his time. Darwin’s later works, including The Descent of Man, further expanded on his ideas about evolution and human origins. His legacy continues to be celebrated, with his work forming the cornerstone of modern biological science.